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What (who) is sludge circulation - definition
OIL THAT SOLIDIFIED INSIDE AN ENGINE
Engine sludge; Black sludge
Sewage sludge
BY-PRODUCT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
Surplus activated sludge; Surplus Activated Sludge; Sludge application; Land application of sludge
Sewage sludge is the residual, semi-solid material that is produced as a by-product during sewage treatment of industrial or municipal wastewater. The term "septage" also refers to sludge from simple wastewater treatment but is connected to simple on-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks.
Dual circulation
ECONOMIC TERM OF CHINA
Domestic-international dual circulation; Dual circulation strategy
Domestic-international dual circulation () is a strategy to reorient China's economy by prioritizing domestic consumption ("internal circulation") while remaining open to international trade and investment ("external circulation"). The first academic study on dual circulation defined it as "the domestic consumption-driven economic rebalancing to achieve sustainable economic development".
Fecal sludge management
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Demonstration of pumping faecal sludge from a "wet" VIP pit (8152015980).jpg?width=200)
![Fleet of [[vacuum truck]]s used for desludging services by Manila Water in Manila, Philippines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Desludging fleet Manila Water.jpg?width=200 "Fleet of [[vacuum truck]]s used for desludging services by Manila Water in Manila, Philippines")
![Desludging truck ([[vacuum truck]]) in action in Nepal](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Desludging truck in action Nepal.jpg?width=200 "Desludging truck ([[vacuum truck]]) in action in Nepal")
![Desludging using proper [[personal protective equipment]] in Dumaguete, Philippines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Desluding using proper PPE. Dumaguete Philippines.jpg?width=200 "Desludging using proper [[personal protective equipment]] in Dumaguete, Philippines")
.jpg?width=200 "Lack of fecal sludge management: Discharge of fecal sludge into the environment in Burkina Faso")
![The "Gulper", a device for manual pumping of fecal sludge from pits used in [[Durban]], South Africa](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fig.1. Gulper used to desludge tanks in eThekwini, South Africa.JPG?width=200 "The \"Gulper\", a device for manual pumping of fecal sludge from pits used in [[Durban]], South Africa")
![Bad practice example: A worker removing fecal sludge out of the pit of a [[pit latrine]] without wearing any [[personal protective equipment]] (in a village in [[Burkina Faso]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Passing the faecal sludge to the top of the pit latrine.jpg?width=200 "Bad practice example: A worker removing fecal sludge out of the pit of a [[pit latrine]] without wearing any [[personal protective equipment]] (in a village in [[Burkina Faso]])")
![Drying bed for emergency fecal sludge treatment by [[Oxfam]] in the Philippines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sand drying bed for emergency septage treatment Oxfam Philippines.jpg?width=200 "Drying bed for emergency fecal sludge treatment by [[Oxfam]] in the Philippines")
.jpg?width=200 "Sludge pellets after processing (including heating, drying and pelletizing) in a LaDePa process, eThekwini Municipality (South Africa)")
COLLECTION, TRANSPORT, AND TREATMENT OF FECAL SLUDGE FROM PIT LATRINES, SEPTIC TANKS OR OTHER ONSITE SANITATION SYSTEMS
Septage; Faecal sludge; Fecal sludge; Faecal sludge management; Non-sewer sanitation; Non-sewered sanitation
Fecal sludge management (FSM) (or faecal sludge management in British English) is the storage, collection, transport, treatment and safe end use or disposal of fecal sludge. Together, the collection, transport, treatment and end use of fecal sludge constitute the "value chain" or "service chain" of fecal sludge management.
Wikipedia
Oil sludge
Oil sludge or black sludge is a gel-like or semi-solid deposit inside an internal combustion engine, that can create a catastrophic buildup. It is often the result of contaminated engine oil and occurs when moisture and/or high heat is introduced to engine oil.
